Direct Synthesis of Bienzyme-like Carbide-derived Carbons via Mild Electrochemical Oxidation of Ti 3AlC 2 MAX / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To develop effective alternatives to natural enzymes, it is crucial to develop nanozymes that are economical, resource efficient, and environmentally conscious. Carbon nanomaterials that have enzyme-like activities have been extensively developed as substitutes for traditional enzymes.@*Methods@#Carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) were directly synthesized via a one-step electrochemical method from a MAX precursor using an ammonium bifluoride electrolyte at ambient conditions. The CDCs were characterized by systematic techniques.@*Results@#CDCs showed bienzyme-like activities similar to that of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. We systematically studied the dependence of CDC enzyme-like activity on different electrolytes and electrolysis times to confirm activity dependence on CDC content. Additionally, the synthesis mechanism and CDC applicability were elaborated and demonstrated, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The demonstrated synthesis strategy eliminates tedious intercalation and delamination centrifugation steps and avoids using high concentrations of HF, high temperatures, and halogen gases. This study paves the way for designing two-dimensional material-based nanocatalysts for nanoenzyme and other applications.

A modified sutureless technique treating total anomalous pulmonary venous connection / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To introduce a modified sutureless technique and its surgical results in the treatment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Methods    Clinical data of 11 patients with TAPVC who underwent the modified sutureless technique treatment from 2014 to 2019 in our center were retrospectively analyzed, including 4 males and 7 females. The median surgical age was 1.4 (0.3, 27.0) months. The median weight was 4.3 (3.5, 8.5) kg. Six (54.5%) patients were of supracardiac subtype, and five (45.5%) patients were of infracardiac subtype. Five (45.5%) patients had preoperative severe pulmonary hypertension, and three (27.3%) patients had preoperative pulmonary vein obstruction. The surgical results were compared with those of 10 patients treated with conventional surgical technique. Results    The median follow-up was 12 (range, 1-65) months. During the follow-up, no death or postoperative pulmonary vein obstruction occurred in the modified sutureless technique group. The perioperative data and relief of re-obstruction were superior in the modified sutureless technique group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The postoperative survival of the the modified sutureless technique group was better than that of the traditional surgery group (P=0.049). Conclusion    The modified sutureless technique which includes partial suture and then incising, and eversion of pulmonary vein incision, is a safe and reliable method for the treatment of TAPVC with satisfactory short-term results.

Analysis of risk factors for surgical treatment of congenital pulmonary venous stenosis combined with congenital heart disease / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore risk factors associated with mortality and restenosis after the surgery for congenital pulmonary venous stenosis (CPVS) combined with congenital heart disease. Methods    From May 2007 to August 2019, 58 patients received surgical relief of CPVS combined with congenital heart disease, including 24 males and 34 females, aged 17.2±26.3 months, weighing 8.8±8.2 kg. Endpoints were death and restenosis, and the risk factors were analyzed. A univariate and multivariate risk analyses were performed. Results    Preoperative pulmonary venous stenosis severity score (PVSSS) was 4.5±2.7. Average pulmonary vein counts with CPVS was 1.9±1.0. There were 2 (3.4%) early deaths. The mean follow-up time was 2-145 (49.8±40.0) months. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 86.7%, 81.3%, 78.5% and 73.6%, respectively, and the pulmonary venous restenosis-free rates were 79.6%, 68.5%, 68.5% and 68.5%, respectively. Preterm birth was an independent risk factor for mortality. The pulmonary venous peak flow rate ≥ 1.2 m/s at discharge was an independent risk factor for mortality and restenosis. Conclusion    The prognosis of CPVS is still poor. Postoperative residual stenosis at discharge is an independent risk factor for death and restenosis.

Connecting hepatic vein and azygos vein by an autologous pericardial conduit to complete a Fontan procedure through a unilateral thoracotomy: A case report / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#We reported a case of a six-year-old boy diagnosed of single ventricle, pulmonary atresia and interrupted inferior vena cava. After modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and bidirectional Glenn procedure, he received the Fontan procedure. The Fontan procedure was done through a unilateral thoracotomy, using an autologous pericardial conduit to connect hepatic vein and azygos vein. The result of short-term follow-up was satisfactory.

Three dimensional nephrometry system for partial nephrectomy: Our initial exploration / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To construct a preoperative evaluation system for partial nephrectomy using CT three-dimensional visualization technology and to explore its practical value.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of the patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal tumors in Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital were collected retrospectively. At the same time, the homogenized standard data of patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal tumors were collected in 16 clinical centers in China. The CT three-dimensional visualization system was applied (IPS system, Yorktal) to evaluate tumor anatomy, blood supply, perirenal fat and other information. The parameters were summarized to build a three-dimensional nephrometry system, on the basis of which virtual surgery design and intraoperative navigation were completed.@*RESULTS@#A three-dimensional visualization image was established based on the enhanced CT urography. The nephrometry system included the longest diameter and volume of the tumor, proportion volume of tumor invading the parenchyma, maximum depth of the tumor invading the parenchyma, contact surface area, flatness of the tumor surface, renal segment where the tumor was located, vascular variation, and perirenal fat. The average two-dimensional diameter of the tumor was (2.78±1.43) cm, the average three-dimensional maximum diameter was (3.09±1.35) cm, and the average postoperative pathological size was (3.01±1.38) cm. The maximum tumor diameter in the three-dimensional image was significantly related to the prolonged renal artery clamping time and intra-operative blood loss (r=0.502, P=0.020; r=0.403, P=0.046). The three-dimensional and pathological tumor volume were (25.7±48.4) cm3 and (33.0±36.4) cm3, respectively (P=0.229). The tumor volume was significantly related to the intraoperative blood loss (r=0.660, P < 0.001). The proportion volume of the tumor invading into renal parenchyma was significantly related to the prolongation of renal artery clamping and the occurrence of postoperative complications (r=0.410, P=0.041; r=0.587, P=0.005). The tumor contact surface area and the presence of vascular variation did not show correlation with the perioperative data and postoperative complications. While the preoperative evaluation was completed, the reconstructed three-dimensional image could be zoomed, rotated, combined display, color adjustment, transparency, and simulated cutting on the Touch Viewer system. The process generally consisted of showing or hiding the tissue, adjusting the transparency of the interested area, rotating and zooming the image to match the position of the surgical patient. Together, these functions met the requirements of preoperative virtual surgery plan and intraoperative auxiliary navigation.@*CONCLUSION@#Three-dimensional images can provide a more intuitive anatomical structure. The CT three-dimensional visua-lization system clearly displays tumor anatomical parameters, blood supply and perirenal fat. The three-dimensional nephrometry system for renal tumors can help predict the difficulty of partial nephrectomy and perioperative complications. Importing the reconstructed three-dimensional visualization image into the specified program or robot operating system can complete virtual surgery and intraoperative navigation, helping the surgeon to better grasp the surgical process. The indexes included in the nephrometry system and the score weights of each index need to be confirmed and perfected by multi-center study with large samples.

Comparison of total hip arthroplasty with conventional instrument OCM approach and posterolateral approach in supine position / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of total hip arthroplasty with conventional instrument OCM approach and posterolateral approach in supine position.@*METHODS@#From February 2017 to January 2019, 67 patients underwent hip arthroplasty due to hip diseases, including 21 patients in the minimally invasive group, 12 males and 9 females;there were 10 cases of femoral neck fracture, 5 cases of aseptic necrosis of femoral head and 6 cases of hip osteoarthritis. In the traditional group, 46 cases were treated by traditional posterolateral approach, including 28 males and 18 females;there were 24 cases of femoral neck fracture, 12 cases of aseptic necrosis of femoral head and 10 cases of hip osteoarthritis. All patientsused biological ceramic artificial joint prosthesis. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, incision length, preoperative and postoperative creatine kinase (CK-NAC), underground activity time, hospital stay, abduction angle and anteversion angle of prosthesis were observed and compared between two groups. Harris scores before operation and 12 months after operation were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All cases were followed up for 14 to 26(18.4±3.6) months. There was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative anteversion and abduction angle between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#The two approaches of total hip arthroplasty can obtain satisfactory results.OCM approach has less damage and rapid postoperative recovery. It is a reliable surgical approach and can be popularized and used.

Effects of Blast Wave-induced Biomechanical Changes on Lung Injury in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To observe the dynamic impacts of shock waves on the severity of lung injury in rats with different injury distances.@*Methods@#Simulate open-field shock waves; detect the biomechanical effects of explosion sources at distances of 40, 44, and 48 cm from rats; and examine the changes in the gross anatomy of the lungs, lung wet/dry weight ratio, hemoglobin concentration, blood gas analysis, and pathology.@*Results@#Biomechanical parameters such as the overpressure peak and impulse were gradually attenuated with an increase in the injury distance. The lung tissue hemorrhage, edema, oxygenation index, and pathology changed more significantly for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups. The overpressure peak and impulse were significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The animal mortality was significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the other two groups (41.2% . 17.8% and 10.0%, < 0.05). The healing time of injured lung tissues for the 40 cm group was longer than those for the 44 and 48 cm groups.@*Conclusions@#The effects of simulated open-field shock waves on the severity of lung injuries in rats were correlated with the injury distances, the peak overpressure, and the overpressure impulse.

The preparation of VEGF/bFGF-loaded poloxamer thermosensitive gels and the promotive effect of the gels on the skin wound healing in rats / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To prepare the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)-loaded poloxamer thermosensitive gels and investigate the in vitro drug release property as well as the therapeutic effect of the drug-loaded thermosensitive gels on the full-thickness skin defected wound healing in rats. Meth- ods: The release of VEGF and bFGF from the drug-loaded gels in vitro was determined by the membrane release meth- od. The full-thickness skin defected model of rats was established and divided into four groups: the normal saline(Con- trol)group, poloxamer thermosensitive gel(Gel)group, freeze-dried VEGF and bFGF powder(VEGF/bFGF powder) group, and the VEGF/bFGF-loaded poloxamer thermosensitive gel(VEGF/bFGF-loaded gel)group. The wound healing was observed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day of injury. The wound tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The wound healing and inflammation were observed under the microscope. The expression of CD31 was measured by the immunohis- tochemical staining and the number of new blood vessels was counted. The content of inflammatory factors in the wound was detected by ELISA. Results: The VEGF/bFGF-loaded poloxamer thermosensitive gels were successfully prepared. The in vitro drug release test showed that only about 5% of VEGF and bFGF in the drug-loaded gels was released from the gels within 1 h of the test, however, the subsequent VEGF and bFGF release could reach 60% on the fifth day of the re- lease test, suggesting the well sustained drug-release behavior of the VEGF/bFGF-loaded gels. In the wound healing test using the full-thickness skin defected rat model, the wound healing rate reached(90.3±2.4)% on the 14th day of injury, in the VEGF/bFGF-loaded gel group, which was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05). On the 3rd day of injury, compared with the Control and Gel groups, the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the wound was significantly de- creased in the VEGF/bFGF-loaded gel group(P<0.05). The tissue HE staining showed that the skin wound healed well in the VEGF/bFGF-loaded gel and the VEGF/bFGF powder groups, and a lager number of neovascularization and the epi- dermis appeared earlier in both the VEGF/bFGF-loaded gel and the VEGF/bFGF powder groups than in the Control and the Gel groups. The immunohistochemical results further confirmed that the number of neovascularization was significant- ly higher in the VEGF/bFGF-loaded gel and the VEGF/bFGF powder groups than in the Control and Gel groups(P< 0.05). Conclusion: The prepared VEGF/bFGF-loaded poloxamer thermosensitive gels in the present study could be used to repair the full-thickness skin defected wound in rats, which could reduce the early inflammatory reaction, pro- mote the angiogenesis, and thus accelerate the healing.

Progress in treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis / 第二军医大学学报

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare disease with complex etiology and varied clinical characteristics. It is often difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of CVST and there is no effective treatment method. Neuroimaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography, have been continuously progressing and contribute to the diagnosis of CVST. Most patients respond well to systemic anticoagulation. The patients who are in a serious condition may require endovascular therapy such as local intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy and mechanical fragmentation. This article reviewed the therapeutic management progress of CVST.

Partial nephrectomy for T3aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma: shall we step forward?

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the prognosis of non-metastatic T3a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with partial nephrectomy (PN). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 125 patients with non-metastatic T3a RCC. Patients undergoing PN and radical nephrectomy (RN) were strictly matched by clinic-pathologic characteristics. Log-rank test and Cox regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: 18 pair patients were matched and the median follow-up was 35.5 (10-86) months. PN patients had a higher postoperative eGFR than RN patients (P=0.034). Cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) did not differ between two groups (P=0.305 and P=0.524). On multivariate analysis, CSS decreased with positive surgical margin and anemia (both P <0.01) and RFS decreased with Furhman grade, positive surgical margin, and anemia (all P<0.01). Conclusions: For patients with non-metastatic pT3a RCC, PN may be a possible option for similar oncology outcomes and better renal function.

Significance of Arginase-1 and Glypican-3 in differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma from non-hepatocellular carcinoma / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To evaluate the expression of Arginine-1 (Arg-1) and Glypican-3 (GPC-3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-hepatocellular carcinoma,as well as to summarize the related researches.Methods 156 cases of HCC,5 cases of cholangiocarcinoma,20 cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma and 18 cases of other types of tumors were studied.Immunohistochemical study for Arg-1 and GPC-3 was performed on the formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor tissues.Results The positive expression rates of Arg-1 in HCC and non-hepatocellular carcinoma were 93.6％ (146/156) and 0 (0/43),respectively,meanwhile the expression rate decreased with decreasing of differentiation (r =-0.264,P =0.001).GPC-3 expression was observed in 141 of 156 cases of HCC (90.4％) and 6 of 43 cases of non-hepatocellular carcinoma (14％),and the expression rate increased with decreasing of differentiation (r =0.179,P =0.026).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Arg-1 and GPC-3 in distinguishing HCC from non-hepatocellular carcinoma were 93.6％,100％,100％,81.1％ and 90.4％,86％,96.0％,71.2％,respectively.Conclusion Arg-1 is a sensitive and specific marker of hepatocytes.The application of Arg-1 and GPC-3 is of great significance in diagnosis of HCC and liver metastatic adenocarcinoma.

The association study of rs5498 (A/G K469E) and rs1799969 (G/A R241G) in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene polymorphism with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Han population / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods A total of 607 type 2 diabetes patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University were enrolled in this study between June 2013 and December 2014. Rs5498 (A/G K469E) and rs1799969 (G/A R241G) in the ICAM-1 gene were genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination in 295 patients with DPN and 312 subjects without DPN. The distribution of these two SNPs and the genetic influence of ICAM-1 gene polymorphisms on the development of DPN were conducted. Results Genotype distributions of both SNPs were coincided with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the two groups. SNP rs1799969 (G/A R241G) in the ICAM-1 gene showed a high GG genotypic frequency at 96.8%(non DPN) and 99.0%(DPN) respectively. SNP rs5498 (A/G K469E) represented AA and AG genotypes. The values were AA 48.7%/AG 39.4%in non DPN group and AA 51.5%/AG 41.7%in DPN group. There were no significant differences in genotypic distributions and allele frequencies of SNPs rs1799969 (G/A R241G) and rs5498 (A/G K469E) between the patients with DPN group and patients without DPN group (P>0.05). The dominant(AA+AG)/GG and additive (GG/AA) models of rs5498 (A/G K469E) were associated with higher risk of DPN (ORadjusted=1.585, 1.575 respectively, P<0.05). To carry A allele was related to the susceptibility of DPN. There was no such association in genetic models of rs1799969 (G/A R241G) and DPN pathogenesis. Conclusion The present study provides evidence that SNP rs5498 E469K (A/G) in the ICAM-1 gene is associated with susceptibility of DPN, and the carrying A allele appears to be a risk of DPN.

The Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family in Breast Cancer / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: It is widely accepted that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a signature of breast cancer stem cells, and high activity has been reported to be associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of members of the ALDH family of isozymes in breast cancer tissues and to evaluate the implications of the results. METHODS: We analyzed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 160 patients with breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on the slides using antibodies against different ALDH family members. We collated the IHC results with patient clinical characteristics and determined their prognostic value. In addition, we analyzed normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous tissues in situ to check their ALDH distributions. RESULTS: All the tested ALDH members were detected in the various tissue types, but at different levels. Only ALDH 1A3 was found to be significantly associated with distant metastasis (p=0.001), disease-free survival (p<0.001), and overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The level of ALDH 1A3 in breast cancer tissue is a predictive marker of a poor clinical outcome.

Relation of spinal shifting and C5 palsy after cervical decompression surgery / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To study the relationship between spinal shifting and C5 palsy after posterior approach cervical decompression surgery (PACDS).Methods Twenty-four patients underwent PACDS were examined with MRI before and one month after operation.The spinal shifting were measured.Clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with post-operative C5 palsy were observed.Analyzed the correlation between C5 palsy and spinal shifting after operation.Results The average spinal shifting was (2.41 ± 0.46) mm.Three cases developed C5 palsy,whose spinal shifting at C5 level was significantly greatert han those without C5 palsy.Conclusion Excessive posterior spinal shifting after PACDS can drag C5 nerve root leading to C5 palsy.

Hyperspectral characteristics of Carthamus tinctorius in Xinjiang region / 中国中药杂志

Investigation of traditional Chinese medicine resources is the most important issue of the protection and use of traditional Chinese medicine resources. Real-time monitoring of medicinal plant species and coverage of an area are of great significance to the sustainable development of the medicinal plant species diversity and ecological environment. Flower has unique spectral characteristics. Comparing the vegetative stage through the flowering stage it is easier to identify species. The flowering stage is a critical period for identifying species with remote sensing. Carthamus tinctorius as a traditional Chinese medicine resources in XinJiang region, attracted widespread attention in recent years. In this paper, the hyperspectral data of canopy and other vegetation canopy was measured in 2011. The spectral curve was analyzed, the result indicated that C. tinctorius canopy and the canopy after picking showed absorption peak near 770 nm, the first derivative of red edge spectra and invert-Gaussian model were analyzed, the result indicated that there was significant difference between C. tinctorius canopy and other vegetation canopy. The proposed method is designed to provide initial theoretical foundation for growth condition and physiological parameters of C. tinctorius, and make theoretical groundwork for the distribution and elaborate monitoring of C. tinctorius in future.

Low-intensity anticoagulation therapy in the pregnant women with mechanical heart valves:a report with 56 cases / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the method of low-intensity anticoagulation therapy in the pregnant women who had received mechanical heart valve replacemant, and the effects of warfarin on the pregnant women and their fetus. Methods This retrospective study involved 56 pregnant women( 61 pregnancies)who had received mechanical heart valve replacement.Their pregnant status, delivery, and anticoagulation therapy were observed and followed-up between May 1986 and November 2009 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Results All patients took oral anticoagulant (warfarin) throughout pregnancy. The dose of domestic warfarin was ( 3.02 ± 0.85 ) mg/d ( in 42 cases), and the dose of imported warfarin was (2.84 ± 0.57 )mg/d (in 14 cases). The mean INR value of 401 samples from patients was 1.67 ±0.58. No thromboembolism or major hemorrhagic complications occurred. Minor bleeding occurred in 11 pregnancies. Forty-seven patients had term delivery, 7 had premature birth, 6 had spontaneous abortion, and 1 had intrauterine fetal death. Six newborns were born with low birth weight (2.3 ± 0. 5 ) kg, and no abnormal fetus was observed. Conclusion The low-intensity anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (at a dose of less than 5 mg/d) and a INR target of 1.5 to 2.0 was safe and convenient for the pregnant women,who had received mechanical heart valve replacement. The abnormalities rate of fetus was low.